Published Research

The developed protocol can be used by trainers to assess physical capacities during training sessions, guiding subsequent training.

The findings highlight semi-tethered profiling as an effective and ecologically valid tool for assessing sprint performance in high-performance swimmers and informing targeted training interventions.

Phase specific information from continuous data while doing a change of direction test provide important information in high level male basketball players.

The findings suggest that resisted sprint training is effective in improving acceleration and neuromuscular power in team sports. Optimal outcomes depend on precise load calibration, the use of valid profiling instruments, and personalized programming tailored to the specific needs of athletes and their disciplines.

External resistance and running speed influence thigh muscle activity differently, even within the same muscle group, likely due to distinct muscle architecture and function. These insights should be considered when designing sprint training programs to target specific muscle groups, avoid muscle overloading, and account for interindividual differences to optimize performance and reduce injury risk.

Entry velocity had minimal effect on the stability of a max , v max , and split times across trials and sessions, and the practitioner can be confident that these measures are reasonably stable across repeated testing occasions and, therefore, can be used to measure and monitor pickup acceleration.

A difference in individual anterior cruciate ligament injury risk assessment depending on movement type was revealed. While knee abduction moment magnitudes were similar across direction-change tasks, player rankings differed. The contributions of resultant ground reaction forces and frontal plane moment arms to peak knee abduction moments varied between tasks, underscoring the importance of task-specific and individualized injury prevention.

After the intervention, non-significant (p > .05) increases of 2.94% (95% CI: 0.25 – 5.62) of the voluntary maximum running speed were obtained with a large effect size (rB: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.00 – 0.95). The distance to the first support from the vertical projection of the center of masses presented significant differences (p < .05; drB: 1; 95% CI: 1 – 1). The non-significant maximum running speed increases cannot be neglected in high-level competition, where small differences in performance separate athletes. To choose the appropriate training load is key, and so a standardized methodology allowing the comparison of results is necessary.

We observed the highest level of deceleration in the full backs, who are characterized by the highest number of decelerations in the game, precisely due to the frequent transition between phases of the game. These findings are directly applicable to the design of individual training programs with an emphasis on reducing injury incidence and increasing movement efficiency during deceleration.

The sprinters excelled in jumping abilities (SJ, CMJ, BJ, RSI), they did not achieve the highest levels of strength across any of the selected metrics (1). The second part of this study underscores the fact, that while football players demonstrate greater force production and application effectiveness, sprinters exhibit high efficiency in force at elevated velocities (2). No or weak relationships were found between KPI and the force-velocity profile of the research sample in our correlations. Another finding is the fact that despite the different movement strategies to reach maximal speed between football players and sprinters, these facts did not substantially affect the final results

These findings suggest that targeted resisted sprint training interventions can enhance sprint performance for the specific phase targeted, with potential practical implications for professional rugby players. Future research should explore using more frequent training sessions over longer intervention periods and investigating the combined effects of these interventions on sprint performance.

Maximal lactate accumulation rate is a good indicator of 50 m front crawl performance in male swimmers, and higher glycolytic power contributes to the faster time at the beginning of the sprint race. Maximal lactate accumulation rate could also evaluate the ability of a swimmer to apply force to the water during high-intensity swimming.

Top speed sprinting represents the primary global KPI and closest off-ice proxy for skating speed regardless of cohort.

The key tests to be applied in soccer are the 40-meter straight-line sprint and COD tests, with particular emphasis on the 15-0-5, which we consider the most suitable complement to the 40-meter sprint for evaluating these specific capacities in relation to the demands of football.

This study suggest that mechanical specificity rather than movement specificity was more relevant for predicting on-ice acceleration performance in elite long track speed skaters.

The 15-0-5 test effectively mirrors the average peak speed demands of football pressing actions in matches (25.4 km/h), validating its use as both a screening and training tool in football.

The present study shows that the 1080 Sprint is valid and reliable for measuring throwing performance in volleyball athletes for monitoring purposes.

The results indicate that by using the velocity and force data recorded in the loading device, most of the spatiotemporal and GRF variables during resisted sprinting can be estimated with some correction of the fixed bias and data smoothing using the two-step moving average.

The results indicate that mono exponential modeling is a valid and reliable method of monitoring initial acceleration performance in elite level long track speed skaters.

The present study indicates that horizontal resistance load in sprint acceleration has little impact on the spatiotemporal and GRF variables at a given running velocity. In contrast to a general recommendation, one should adopt a heavy load in resisted sprint aiming to improve performance in the earlier stage of maximal sprint acceleration.

The sprint performance test based on semi-tethered front crawl swimming confirmed that outcome measurements were reliable variables to indirectly indicate a potential to perform the maximal anaerobic effort among adolescent swimmers. The evaluation of the swimming velocity profiles allows coaches to monitor the adaptive changes of performance during the training process.

The results indicate that unilateral loaded jump tests are reliable in speed skating athletes and may help practitioners diagnose and monitor lower-limb maximal muscle power capacity in a sport-specific manner

In a sport (speed skating) with asymmetrical loading, interlimb differences in mechanical output remain stable at the group level. However, changes occurring at the individual athlete level may be occurring that are meaningful for performance and injury.

Change of direction (CoD) performance has a moderate and higher impact on tennis performance compared to linear sprint. CoD performance as well as Pmax from linear sprint force-velocity profiling achieved a higher relevance for the ranking position predominantly in girls compared to boys. Hence, particularly Pmax as well as the transfer to on-court CoD motor skills should be a central training goal in elite junior tennis players besides technical skills and should depend on maturation status and gender.

If different types of sprint measurement devices as the 1080 Sprint and the GPEXE Pro2 are used for speed-time and force-velocity profile assessment, outcomes from different devices should not be compared (without specific preliminary study) as devices are may very likely not be inter-changeable. For each of the systems tested, the high goodness of fit of the raw speed-time data with the exponential model, and the low and comparable inter-trial variability suggest that both the 1080 Sprint and the GPEXE Pro2 systems can be used in practice for inter- and intra-athlete comparisons.

There were no statistically significant improvements in the 10 and 50 m test trials following assisted activation for both female and male sprinters. It was concluded that resisted sprint activation with a load of 10% BM enhances sprinting speed over 50 m in elite male and female sprinters

All bias values were within 6.32%, with the 1080 Sprint reporting higher values for tau, horizontal maximal velocity, and theoretical maximum velocity. Random error was lowest for velocity-based variables but exceeded 7% for all others, with slope of the F-v profile being greatest at ±12.3%. These results provide practitioners with the information necessary to determine if the agreement between the devices and the magnitude of random error is acceptable within the context of their specific application.

Sprinting resistance may be a tool for reducing acute bilateral asymmetries in sprint kinetic measurements.

Resisted sprints using sled-equivalent loads of 45% body mass are ineffective at inducing a potentiating effect on subsequent sprint performance in varsity-level sprinters. In this population of trained athletes, greater loads may be necessary to induce a potentiating effect.

Appropriate coaching, heavy resisted sprint training could be one pragmatic option to assist improvements in sprint performance without adverse changes in sprinting kinematics in professional soccer players. Assessing each player’s initial individual sprint FV-profile may assist in predicting adaptation potential. More studies are needed that compare heavy resisted sprinting in randomized conditions.

Body composition, strength, and sprinting ability did not change across the season with creatine monohydrate supplementation.

Initial Force-velocity profile characteristics influence response to heavy resisted sprint training in professional rugby players.

Load-velocity profile is a useful tool for predicting and assessing sprint butterfly swimming performance.

These data indicate that athletes and strength and conditioning coaches can confidently use the 1080 Quantum to monitor training progression; however, caution should be taken when assessing performance measures at the either end of the load spectrum.

Top athletes (gymnastics) can considerably improve ring-specific strength and strength endurance in only four weeks using a four-week, gymnastic-specific, eccentric–isokinetic (0.1 m/s) cluster training.

Both isokinetic resistance training and eccentric overload and traditional resistance effectively increased maximal strength and power output, whereas isokinetic resistance training, combined with eccentric overload, improved drop jump performance and induced greater muscle hypertrophy than traditional training in young ice hockey players.

Isokinetic strength training was effective and resulted in symmetrical isokinetic force and dynamic postural control measurements, which also served as return to sport criteria with the player remaining pain free for two years.

Force-velocity profile obtained from a single or multiple trial method should not be used interchangeably as the agreement between methods is poor.

Sport specific full body movement patterns that target dynamic dynamics postural control, force, speed and power predict serve speed in elite tennis players.

A custom-built dynamometers using 1080 Quantum is capable of highly reliable measures, but absolute power outputs varied depending on the leg extension model. The reliable results allows for tracking muscular performance over time or testing an intervention.

The conclusions are that in this population a very heavy resisted sprint training (RST) regimen elicits improvements in sprint and acceleration performance whilst a unresisted training (UST) regimen does not. Further, both the RST- and UST- training regimens elicit improvements in both vertical and horizontal jump performance. The improvements of the present study follow the pattern of previous studies in the field indicating a greater horizontal force generating ability. However, the improvements in the present study are larger than previously seen, indicating that this type of training might be extra beneficial to enhance sprint and jump performance in late pubertal adolescent athletes. The findings of the present study also contradict the typical recommendations of using light resistance loads (i.e. the 10% rule) when it comes to RST. Heavier loads, as in this case 103,5% of body weight on average, can indeed be used to produce sprint and acceleration gains in a late pubertal adolescent athlete population. The improvement in these short sprints (5-30m) versus the eventual performance decrease in longer sprints 40-70m (e.g. due to less effective maximal velocity phase) is a trade off which logically should be worthwhile for team sport athletes.

Resisted sprinting is a worthwhile method to improve acceleration and sprint performance and can be used by practitioners across a wide array of sports. It also improved jumping performance and sprint mechanical outputs, which point toward an improvement in better application of force in a horizontal direction.

Our results showed a systematic overestimation of step time of 2.05 ms in the 1080 Sprint when compared to FSR results. The determination of contact times was considered to be unreliable and should therefore not be used.

Short resisted sprint with a load equating to 5% of body mass before a short sprint does not seem to acutely affect sprinting time or kinetics, but appears to enhance rate of force development..

Individualised sprint-training was no more effective in improving sprint performance than a generalised sprint-training program.

Resisted-sprint training protocols were likely to improve performance after a short training intervention in already sprint trained athletes. However, results were variable indicating that adaptations may be dependent on pre-training force-velocity characteristics.

Nine week isokinetic training program increased seated rotational force and power, peak arm speed and arm acceleration, ball speed, and carry distance more compared to isotonic training in pre-elite golfers. Even though isokinetic training did not increase CHS, it did result in greater carry distance.

Motorized strength and power training was time-efficient and equally or more effective than free weight strength and power training in improving vertical jumping and sprinting performance. Olympic-style weightlifting was generally ineffective and inferior to the two other interventions.

Rotational tests to target force, speed and power specific to movement patterns in golf were performed in 1080 Quantum with good construct validity and test-retest reliability.